I remember my cousin's reaction the first time he found out that I botanized for fun. He was pretty amazed that I would go out and slosh through wetlands to get covered in ticks, mosquito bites, and poison sumac. Why would anyone do that and not get paid for it? Why wouldn't they? How can someone work in the environmental field and not be passionate about it?
That gray area is something I deal with all too often. On a trip to Superior, Wisconsin to do vegetation sampling in late August 2012, a few of the people on my crew joined me on our day off for a trip to
Buckley Creek and Barrens State Natural Area in Douglas County. This 900-acre property was our "site of choice" that day because of the range of plant communities present, from very dry to very wet. The resulting flora provided a wide range of interesting species for us to feast our eyes and lenses on that fine summer day. Below I will discuss some of those species and communities.
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| Agastache foeniculum |
Blue Giant Hyssop (
Agastache foeniculum) is a plant of northern North America that I had read about but never seen, so it was a nice surprise to find it on the edge of the oak barrens at Buckley Creek and Barrens. Primarily found in the upper Midwest, west of the Great Lakes, and into Canada, this mint also ranges as far west as western Montana, and it is found in scattered counties in the eastern United States. In addition to scrubby barrens, Blue Giant Hyssop can be found in dry upland forest openings, prairies, fields, and thickets.
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| Aster oolentangiensis |
Many of us learned the plant in the photograph above as
Aster azureus; the specific epithet is a reference to the ray flowers of this composite, which are said to be "sky blue" in color. However, the rules of botanical nomenclature came into play when it was determined after many years of using the name
Aster azureus that a different epithet for the same species had been published several months earlier than the specific epithet
azureus. The plant then became officially known by the first published name,
Aster oolentangiensis. This specific epithet is a reference to the Olentangy River in central Ohio where the specimen at the center of this debate was collected. Some people seem to despise the specific epithet
oolentangiensis, which rolls right off the tongue, but the inimitable Ed Voss was a fan of this name change, as he grew up in a town along the Olentangy only a few miles upstream from the location where the plant was first collected. Descriptiveness and hometown pride aside, I'm happy to use the name
Aster oolentangiensis to stay in line with nomenclatural law. Many people now call this plant
Symphyotrichum oolentangiense, the genus having changed as a result of molecular research. Sky-blue Aster is found in prairies, barrens, glades, open woodlands, on dunes, and in savannas, often in sandy or shallow soil. Its geographical range includes the central United States in a band along and just west of the Mississippi River, as well as areas around the Great Lakes.
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| Oligoneuron album |
Speaking of name changes, this one's a doozy. I first learned Prairie Goldenrod (
Oligoneuron album) as Upland White Aster (
Aster ptarmicoides). In the 1970s, botanists began calling this plant
Solidago ptarmicoides because the floral structures were more closely aligned with goldenrods. Then, just about the time this name started gaining widespread use in the 1990s, the name
Oligoneuron album came into play. Many other names have been used for this composite in the past as well. Prairie Goldenrod has its greatest distribution in the upper Midwest, west of the Great Lakes, but it is also found in numerous Missouri Ozark counties, in scattered counties in Michigan, and scattered elsewhere in the United States and in eastern Canada. It has an affinity to calcareous soils, where it is found in dry sand, in limestone pavement communities, on glades, on rocky outcrops, and in prairies. One habitat that is not mentioned in the references I've seen is in barren slag pits that have displaced dune and swale communities. In this crime against nature "community," Prairie Goldenrod is one of the few native plants that seems to persist after years of degradation.
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| Liatris aspera |
Rough Blazingstar (
Liatris aspera) is an attractive species of a variety of habitats including prairies, barrens, dunes, glades, fields, savannas, and woodlands. It is most frequently found growing in sand and silty loam soils. This composite is found throughout much of the eastern half of North America, but its greatest distribution is in Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, and just west of the Mississippi River. Rough Blazingstar is said to have edible corms that can be used as a survival food, but rodents are said to also feed on these corms and in some places are responsible for reducing the Rough Blazingstar population. The blazing stars (
Liatris spp.) have determinate inflorescences, meaning that the oldest flower clusters are at the tip of the inflorescence and the youngest flower clusters are at the bottom, so the inflorescence does not continue to expand in length as the season progresses.
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| Solidago nemoralis |
Gray Goldenrod (
Solidago nemoralis) is a very common composite found across much of North America with the exception of Alaska and extreme northern Canada and the western third of the United States. It grows in fields and prairies, along roadsides, and in open woodlands in sandy, gravelly, and clayey soils. The common name comes from the fine gray hairs that cover the stems, giving the plants an overall grayish cast.
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| Polygonella articulata |
One of the more interesting looking yet overlooked plants of sandhills, dunes, beaches, pine barrens, and other sandy coastal and lakeshore habitats is Coastal Jointweed (
Polygonella articulata). As the first half of the common name implies, this species of the buckwheat family is found along the Atlantic coast and in the Great Lakes states and provinces, particularly in counties bordering the Great Lakes. The second half of the common name is a reference to the jointed-like appearance of the plant, and especially of the inflorescence before buds emerge. This appearance is a result of the ocreae (on the stems) and ocreolae (in the inflorescence). These structures are short sheaths formed by the fused stipules, or leafy structures at the base of each leaf.
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| Bog |
In addition to spending time in the dry oak barrens, we also tromped through a boggy area with typical bog/muskeg vegetation. This bog had strong representation by plants in the heath family and sedges.
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| Eriophorum virginicum |
One of those sedges was Tawny Cottongrass (
Eriophorum virginicum), a striking species of bogs, conifer swamps, fens, marshes, and wet meadows. This cottongrass is unique in that it has brown scales, and perianth bristles that instead of being pure white often have some brownish or orangish color to them. It grows in the New England states and southwest along the Appalachians, as well as in the Great Lakes states and provinces.
Thanks to those who joined me on this weekend outing to see such a unique Wisconsin natural area.
